Mold, various molds and tools needed for industrial production. Generally speaking, it is a tool used to make molded articles. This kind of tool is composed of various parts. Under the action of external force, the blank becomes a tool for making parts with specific shape and size. Different molds are made up of different parts. It is mainly through the change of the physical state of the material to achieve the shape of the object processing. It is known as the "mother of industry". Any commodity is made by mould, it can be said that there is no production without mould, which is widely used in the forming process of products in various industries

例如：我們常見的電視機等家用電器、手機、電話機外殼等通訊設(shè)備等產(chǎn)品，是把塑料加熱軟件注進(jìn)模具冷卻成型生產(chǎn)出來的，電飯鍋也是由金屬平板用模具壓成這樣的形狀。模具具有特定的輪廓或內(nèi)腔形狀，模具是精密工具，形狀復(fù)雜，承受坯料的脹力，對結(jié)構(gòu)強度、剛度、表面硬度、表面粗糙度和加工精度都有較高要求，模具生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展水平是機械制造水平的重要標(biāo)志之一。

For example, our common products such as TV sets and other household appliances, mobile phones, telephone shell and other communication equipment are produced by injecting plastic heating software into the mold for cooling and forming, and the electric rice cooker is also pressed into this shape by a metal plate with a mold. The die has a specific contour or cavity shape. The mold is a precision tool with complex shape and bears the expansion force of the blank. It has higher requirements for structural strength, stiffness, surface hardness, surface roughness and machining accuracy. The development level of mold production is one of the important signs of mechanical manufacturing level.
               

實體模具制造的成本一般都是很高，大型的模具一套都是十幾萬幾十萬萬乃幾百萬，尤其是醫(yī)療行業(yè)，上百萬的模具很常見。如果在安裝模具的過程中出現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)的不合理或者其他的問題，這樣損失就很大了。所以一般先用手板確認(rèn)外觀、結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，確認(rèn)沒有什么問題后再開模批量生產(chǎn)。

The cost of solid mold manufacturing is generally very high, a large set of mold are more than 100 million or even several million, especially in the medical industry, millions of molds are very common. If there are unreasonable structure or other problems in the process of installing the mold, the loss will be great. Therefore, generally, the appearance, structure and function should be confirmed with the hand board first, and then the mold can be opened for mass production after confirming that there is no problem.

手板，也可以稱為樣品、樣件、樣板，有些地方又把它叫做“首板”，即產(chǎn)品的樣板，在日本，又叫做“手辦”，英文翻譯是“rapidprototype”。手板是驗證產(chǎn)品可行性的步，是找出設(shè)計產(chǎn)品的缺陷、不足、弊端更直接且有效的方式，從而對缺陷進(jìn)行針對性的改善，直不能從個別手板模型中找出不足，通常還需要進(jìn)行小批量的試產(chǎn)進(jìn)而找出批量里的不足加以改善。

In some places, it is also called "first board", that is, the first model of a product. In Japan, it is also called "handmade". The English translation is "rapid prototype". Prototype is the first step to verify the feasibility of the product. It is the most direct and effective way to find out the defects, deficiencies and defects of the designed products, so as to improve the defects pertinently. Until the deficiencies can not be found from the individual prototype model, it is usually necessary to carry out small batch trial production and find out the deficiencies in the batch to improve.

通常一個產(chǎn)品剛研發(fā)或設(shè)計完成的產(chǎn)品均需要做手板模型，設(shè)計完成的產(chǎn)品一般不能做到很，甚無法使用，直接生產(chǎn)一旦有缺陷將全部報廢，大大浪費人力和物力和時間。而手板一般情況是少數(shù)的樣品，制作周期短，損耗人力物力少，很快地找出產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的不足進(jìn)而改善，為產(chǎn)品定型量產(chǎn)提供充足的依據(jù)。

Usually, a product that has just been developed or designed needs to be made into a prototype. The finished product can't be perfect or even can't be used. Once there is a defect in direct production, it will be scrapped, which greatly wastes human and material resources and time. However, there are a few samples in general. The production cycle is short, and the loss of manpower and material resources is small. We can quickly find out the shortcomings of product design and improve it, so as to provide sufficient basis for product finalization and mass production.